Herbal medicine has been in use since at least the Paleolithic period. Archaeologists working in northern Iraq, for example, found a selection of plant pollen from mallow plants, grape hyacinth, ephedra, yarrow, groundsel, and knapweed – plants they believe were used 60,000 years ago by Neanderthals for medicinal purposes. Much later, about 3,000-5,000 years ago, some of the first written records of herbal medicine emerged. These were created by Sumerians and carefully describe the names of 250 plants and 12 recipes for remedies; one example suggests aloe leaf can be used as a laxative. Two or three millennia later, Babylonian …
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